Old Highway Notes: West Palm Beach

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Saturday, July 19, 2014

Breaking The Color Barrier and "Take Me Out To The Ballgame"/West Palm Beach to Jacksonville: Spring Training Part 2

This is part of a multi-part post: West Palm Beach to Jacksonville Spring Training

Part 1 1888-World War II
Part 2: Breaking The Color Barrier and "Take Me Out To The Ballgame"
Part 3: Roger Dean Stadium

Hello and welcome back to Old Highway Notes. The last time we touched down, we looked at the early history of Spring Break In Florida in the years before World War II. The war had curtailed travel to such an extant that Major League Baseball Teams had stopped going to Florida for Spring Training during the duration of the war.

In 1946,, the war was over and Baseball returned to Florida. Eleven teams would make their return to the Citrus State to warm up and prepare for the season.

1946

American League

Athletics-West Palm Beach, FL/Wright Field
Indians-Clearwater, FL
Red Sox-Sarasota, FL
Senators-Orlando, FL/Tinker Field
Tigers-Lakeland, FL/Henley Field

National League

Braves-Fort Lauderdale, FL
Cardinals-Saint Petersburg, FL/Waterfront Park, Al Lang Field
Dodgers-Daytona Beach, FL
Giants-Miami, FL
Phillies-Miami Beach, FL/Flamingo Park
Reds-Tampa, FL/Plant Field

The most interesting story of the 1946 season was not what was happening in the Major Clubs, but instead what was happening in the Minors. The Dodgers AAA team the Montreal Royals were making history in Daytona Beach.In November of 1945 The Dodgers, general manager Branch Rickey had announced the signing of a versatile star from UCLA. He was black man and Major League Baseball had excluded black players since 1868 making the signing quite controversial.The player was named Jackie Robinson.

Jackie Robinson as a Montreal Royal (MiLB.com)

Jackie Robinson was well aware of the impact of being the first black player signed to a Major League Baseball club in nearly a hundred years. Like many blacks from that era, he recognized the hypocrisy of a nation allowing blacks to serve as soldiers fighting for the country that excluded them systematically. He had the courage in his belief to make him the man to break the color barrier. Rather than taking the bus from Los Angeles to Florida, he decided to fly there with his wife Rachel. He felt that flying would emphasize his success as a professional and represent his race well. He was delayed at a layover in New Orleans where he couldn't even find a restaurant to serve his wife and himself. In Pensacola, he was ordered off the plane to give the seats to white passengers.Desperate he bought a bus ticket in Jacksonville. On the bus he was told to sit in the back of the bus before arriving at the Dodgers training facilities in Sanford Florida. That where the Montreal Royals trained. He did not arrive at Spring Training until 36 hours after leaving Los Angeles making him miss the first two days of training.

Sanford was a segregationist town in 1946 with an active Ku Klux Klan chapter and strict adherence to racial division. Branch Rickey had intended to have Robinson as well as another black player, pitcher John Wright stay with the team at the Mayfair Hotel in Sanford. However local laws prohibited such desegregation. It was arranged for Robinson and Wright to stay with local Black doctor David Brock.

After two days death threats were arriving and Robinson and Wright were warned to get out of town or they would be lynched that night, Lynchings were quite common in Florida after World War II and Rickey slipped the players out of Sanford and on to Daytona Beach where the first preseason game was scheduled, as well as far more tolerant attitude towards blacks, On St. Patricks Day, March 17th of 1946, in Daytona Beach, Jackie Robinson became the first black player to play minor league baseball in the 20th century in an exhibition game between the Royals and the Dodgers.

The next year, on April 15, 1947 Jackie Robinson had been moved up to the majors and became the first back player in Major League Baseball since 1868. He would go on to be voted the MVP of the season in 1947. He spent his whole career until 1956 with the Dodgers where he played with a .311 lifetime batting average. leading the Dodgers to six pennants. Jackie Robinson was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1962. He is still considered a heroic figure in civil rights history.

Baseball would continue struggling with segregation in the state as more and more teams eliminated the color barrier. During the late 1940's and early 1950's there were fewer teams playing in Florida, with racial issues at least playing a part in decisions to warm up for the season elsewhere late 1950's many the teams had returned to Florida.

The smaller crowds and more informal environment are a big draw. (Flickr/CC)

Recent Challenges To Florida Spring Training

Decades went by. Many teams played in the same venues for years, In the late 1990's a phenomenon began that is ongoing and still is effecting Florida Spring Training. Phoenix has grown as a city and has made a push to be the epicenter of preseason baseball. Shorter drive times and less humid weather as well as financial incentives have caused many team to relocate into the Phoenix area. Florida is not as populous these days with baseball players in the spring, but there is still half of the league with 15 teams that play here.

2014

American League

Blue Jays-Dunedin, FL/Dunedin Stadium, Grant Field
Devil Rays-Saint Petersburg, FL/Progress Energy Park at Al Lang Field
Orioles-Sarasota FL
Red Sox-Fort Myers FL
Tigers-Lakeland, FL/Joker Marchant Stadium
Twins-Fort Myers, FL/Lee County Sports Complex-Hammond Stadium
Yankees-Tampa, FL/Legends Field

National League

Astros-Kissimmee, FL/Osceola County Stadium
Braves-Kissimmee, FL/Walt Disney’s World of Sports Complex-Cracker Jacks Stadium
Cardinals-Jupiter, FL/Roger Dean Stadium
Marlin-Jupiter, FL/Roger Dean Stadium
Mets-Port Saint Lucie, FL/Saint Lucie Sports Complex-Thomas J White Stadium
Nationals-Viera, FL/Space Coast Stadium
Pirates-Bradenton, FL/Bill McKechnie Field

"Take Me Out To The Ballgame"

This weeks for our playlist I scoured my music collection for songs about baseball. I found a nice handful for you. The set includes 4 versions of baseballs national anthem, "Take Me Out To The Ballgame". The song was written in 1908. I'll let the Baseball Hall Of Fame tell the story:

“Take Me Out to the Ball Game” was written – probably in about a half an hour – in the spring of 1908, by two gentlemen who were professional Tin Pan Alley songwriters and who professed never to have seen a big league baseball game. That claim was probably true for Albert Von Tilzer, a songwriter and publisher from Indiana who moved to Gotham to seek his fortune – and found it. He wrote more than 20 songs which sold over a million copies each and was astute enough to also start a publishing company with his brother that administered those songs. Von Tilzer was also the first to publish compositions by a couple of fellows named Irving Berlin and George Gershwin.

His collaborator on the song, Jack Norworth, hailed from Philadelphia, Pa., and was a multi-talented entertainer; he could sing, write, and act on stage, radio, television and movies. Norworth and his wife, singer-actress Nora Bayes, were as famous in early 20th century America as any celebrity couple in today’s pantheon – take Garth Brooks and Trisha Yearwood for example.

The story goes that Norworth penned the lyrics one day while riding one of Manhattan’s new subway trains north toward the Polo Grounds. He remembered seeing a sign advertising that day’s game and pulling out a pencil and paper to scribble down a set of lyrics, which Von Tilzer would later pair with a tune he had composed. (The original manuscript is part of the Hall of Fame Library’s collection.)

The song was huge hit by 1908 standards. The sheet music sold millions of copies. The song was adapted with slides of baseball scenes to shows as a sing-a-long segment at the nickelodeon movie theaters. Between October and December of 1908, 10 different artists released cylinder recordings of the number that went to the top 10.

Interestingly, it was not until 1934 that the song was first played during a game at a ballpark. It was played at a world series game by the St. Louis Cardinals band during a pre-game performance. The song would get occasional play in the parks after that but it wasn't the traditional break in the game that it is today.

The break in the game in the game existed already. Called the "seventh inning stretch", from Wikipedia:

In baseball in the United States and Canada, the seventh-inning stretch is a tradition that takes place between the halves of the seventh inning of a game – in the middle of the seventh inning. Fans generally stand up and stretch out their arms and legs and sometimes walk around. It is a popular time to get a late-game snack as well; many vendors end alcohol sales at this point. The stretch also serves as a short break for the players.

The use of the song during the seventh inning stretch is a relatively recent phenomenon. In 1976, Hall Of Fame announcer Harry Caray began singing the song into the mic during the traditional late game break at the Chicago White Sox games he was announcing at the time. It was sort of his signature thing. In 1982 he moved across town to become the announcer of the Chicago Cubs. He would naturally take the song with him. Due to the Cubs nationwide cable TV contract the song as a part of the seventh inning game break would spread like wildfire throughout the league.

Times change and so do traditions. Some kids that are growing up today will have other songs that they consider the traditional "seventh inning stretch". Again, from Wikipedia:

Following September 11, 2001, the song "God Bless America" became common during the seventh-inning stretch, sometimes in addition to "Take Me Out to the Ball Game" and sometimes replacing it entirely. Some stadiums play "God Bless America" only on Sundays. At Yankee Stadium the song is now played at every game, in addition to "Take Me Out to the Ball Game".

Since 2002, "God Bless America" has been performed at all Major League Baseball All-Star Games and playoff games, often with a celebrity recording artist ("Take Me Out to the Ball Game" is sometimes done afterwards with a recording of Harry Caray), as well as Opening Day, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, September 11, and many post-season games

During the deciding Game 5 of the 2011 National League Division Series, Lauren Hart (the daughter of Hockey Hall of Fame broadcaster Gene Hart) appeared at Citizens Bank Park to sing "God Bless America" during the seventh-inning stretch as she had become a fixture at Philadelphia Flyers games singing that song in duet with Kate Smith as the Flyers' good-luck charm before important games, with the hope that Hart would also bring that luck to the Philadelphia Phillies as well.^[9]

For more on "God Bless America" you can read my post from my Highway 101 Crossing The Border series HERE. Back to "Take Me Out To The Ballgame". My collection barely scratch the surface of versions of this classic that has been played by over 500 recording artists and used in television and the movies over 1,200 times not to mention all the times it was song by the lusty crowd at a ballgame during the 7th inning stretch. But I have some other baseball songs as well to share with you.

Playlist Additions

Lets get into the music, my first version of "take Me Out To The Ballgame" is a ragtime arrangement from Rod Miller, the pianist at Disneyland's Coke Corner for decades. Next is a a fairly simple, almost player piano-esque version from an album called 26 Happy Honky Tonk Memories that features pre-prohibition hits in that same style.

Take Me Out To The Ballgame Four-Hand Piano Rod Miller and Alan Thompson 2:31
Take Me Out To The Ballgame 26 Happy Honky Tonk Memories Dave Jasen 2:21

Next we have Eddie Vedder of Pearl Jam at Chicago's Wrigley Field During the 7th inning stretch. This is an appropriate tie in to the close of beer sales during a game as Mr. Vedder sounds like he has had enough.

Take Me Out To The Ballgame (Live at Wrigley Field) Eddie Vedder 0:56

The story of Spring Training and Major league baseball is the story of of adults playing a children's game for entertainment. Peter, Paul and Mary take us back to those childhood days of summer, where a little luck can make everything different.

Right Field Around The Campfire Peter, Paul & Mary 3:51

Some folks play the game until adulthood closes in and leaves them with nothing but memories of those "Glory Days".

Glory Days (Album Version) [Clean] The Essential Bruce Springsteen Bruce Springsteen 4:17

But these posts are indeed about professional baseball. Woody Guthrie wrote a song about baseball that he never recorded. Around 50 years later, Billy Bragg was given permission to collaborate with Wilco in recording a collection of lost Guthrie songs called Mermaid Avenue. Vol.1 and Vol.2 The song was "Joe Dimaggio Done It Again".

Joe Dimaggio Done It Again Mermaid Avenue Vol. II Billy Bragg & Wilco 2:32

Woody Guthrie dropped names in that song, but perhaps the most well known name dropping song is Terry Cashman's "Willie, Mickey, and the Duke (Talkin' Baseball)".

Talkin' Baseball® (Willie, Mickey And "the Duke") Terry Cashman 3:31

Some baseball fans get too carried away. And when the collector bugs collides with sports mania, things can get weird like this song from Rhino Records The World's Worst Records collection, "Baseball Card Lover" by Rockin' Richie Ray.

Baseball Card Lover The Rhino Brothers Present - THE World's Worst Records Vol. 2 Rockin' Richie Ray 2:15

A much bigger hit, and a better, less weird song is "Cheap Seats" by Alabama that celebrates the joys of an afternoon at the ballpark for the casual fan.

The Cheap Seats Alabama 3:54

We bring it back home with the classics. Steve Goodman is a Chicago folk artist we will be talking about in more detail as we explore Chicago on Route 66. Goodman is a Cubs fan and it shows in his music. We have a trio of his songs to share here. His "Take Me Out To The Ballgame" is a snappy rendition of the classic rag. While his "Go Cubs Go!" has been used by the team for promotions, and "A Dying Cub Fan's Last Request" is perhaps the greatest lament from a die hard yet disappointed fan ever written. It somehow usually leaves me with a smile on face, a lump in my throat and a tear in my eye. It's an excellent song!

Take Me Out to the Ballgame Affordable Art Steve Goodman 2:34
Go Cubs Go! Steve Goodman 2:49
Go Cubs Go A Dying Cub Fan's Last Request Affordable Art Steve Goodman 6:02

To close out we have a clip of one the most famous comedy routines of all time. Abbot and Costello perform "Who's On First", a conversation of hilarious confusion involving strange nicknames and the game of baseball. The video features a response skit from Jimmy Fallon featuring a who's who' of legendary comedians.

Who's On First Abbott & Costello 6:10

Well that does it for this weeks Old Highway Notes. Sorry for the delay while I took a short summer vacation. We should be back on schedule now returning to Chicago next week to continue to explore the blues and Muddy Waters on Route 66. Two weeks will take us back to San Diego for more adventures on Highway 101. In just three short weeks we return to I-95 in Florida for more baseball and along the Central Coast. Join us for more adventure along the great highways of America, won't you? And until we speak again, all I can say is "I don't know!""Third Base!!"

Mileage Stats

Route 66: 0 Miles/1 State/602 Tracks/126 Videos/25 Posts
Highway 101: 16 Miles/1 State/503 Tracks/181 Videos/18 Posts
Interstate 95: 77 Miles/1 State/24 Tracks/60 Videos/8 Posts

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Saturday, June 14, 2014

1888-World War II/West Palm Beach to Jacksonville: Spring Training Part 1

This is part of a multi-part post: West Palm Beach to Jacksonville Spring Training

Part 1 1888-World War II
Part 2: Breaking The Color Barrier and "Take Me Out To The Ballgame"
Part 3: Roger Dean Stadium

Hello and welcome back to Old Highway Notes. Once again we resume our journey North on Interstate 95 in Florida. We begin where we left off in West Palm Beach. This highway continues North from West Palm Beach to Jacksonville. a prosperous yacht/country club string of towns that dot this section of the Florida Coast. The Intercoastal waterway that runs along the Southern US Atlantic Coast separates the Florida mainland from the coast. Interstate 95 runs to the West of this group of fairly sleepy towns. I found a lack of musical stories in my research, but there was something that made these towns notable.In February and March, many Major League Baseball teams flood the state for Spring Training. Looking into Spring Training in Florida requires us to go back to an era before the Interstate Highway system began.

Tim Keefe, pitcher, New York Giants beat the Athletics in Spring Training and went on to win the World Series. (WikimediaCommons)

Spring Training in Florida 1888

Spring Training is almost as old a concept as professional baseball. In the early days, most ball players had winter jobs to pay the bills during the off season, By early spring they were eager to return to baseball and often needed some money after the winter break. So the would have "Spring Training". Originally it was just a series of games against local amateur clubs, or the the team might play a series of college games barnstorming around the state. It was loose, casual and just a way to get some extra gate receipts. Quickly the custom became to head by rail to more southern locales where baseball teams were sparser and the spring arrived earlier with warmer weather and longer hours of daylight.

The tradition of Spring Training in Florida began in 1888. The Washington Nationals, with young relief catcher Connie Mack, practiced in Jacksonville for three and a half weeks before playing an exhibition game against the New York Giants. They lost 10-2. The season that followed showed them finishing in last place with a 48-86 record, 37 ½ games behind the first place New York Giants who won the World Series that year against the St.Louis Browns. That's when Spring Training began in Florida. It would not return for 15 years.

The 1902 Philadelphia Athletics would win the World Series and go to Florida the following Spring.(Flickr/cc)

Spring Training in Florida 1903-1909

Fifteen years later its 1903 and Connie Mack had moved up to the position of Manager of the then American League Champion Philadelphia Athletics and decided to take his team to Jacksonville, Florida for that years Spring Training. While there, his star pitcher Rube Waddell had several misadventures that included wrestling with a live alligator and a suicide attempt he made after being rebuffed by a local girl. The season that followed was not too spectacular. The team was 14 1/2 games behind the Red Sox at the end of the season. One again the Athletics would stay away from Florida for a while, this time for for 11 years. Other teams did come down:

Florida Spring Training 1903-1909

Athletics
Jacksonville, FL 1903
Braves
Jacksonville, FL 1906
Dodgers
Jacksonville, FL 1907-09
Reds
Jacksonville, FL 1905
Saint Augustine, FL 1908

To give an idea of the flavor of the era in baseball here is Connie Mack and Kid Gleason reminiscing over the 1905 season with some antique game footage to accompany.

The 1913 Chicago Cubs brought Spring Training back to Florida. (WikimediaCommons)

Spring Training in Florida 1913-1920

The Height of The Dead Ball Era

In February 1913, The Chicago Cubs arrived in Tampa and St. Louis Browns began training in St. Petersburg. Both lured by Florida businessmen offering assistance with expenses, The next year would find more teams training in Florida with the St. Louis Cardinals playing in St. Augustine and the Philadelphia Athletics coming back to Jacksonville. In the spring of 1914 enough action was happening in Florida to justify the creation of the Grapefruit League.As this list shows, the population of Ball clubs in the state was growing at steady clip by the end of the decade.

Florida Spring Training 1913-1920

IndiansPensacola, FL 1913

CubsTampa, FL 1913-16

Athletics
Jacksonville, FL 1914-18
BrownsSaint Petersburg, FL 1914
CardinalsSaint Augustine, FL 1914

Dodgers
Daytona Beach, FL 1915-16

Phillies
Saint Petersburg, FL 1915-18

Braves
Miami, FL 1916-18

Pirates
Jacksonville, FL 1918

Red Sox
Tampa, FL 1919
YankeesJacksonville, FL 1919
Giants
Gainesville, FL 1919

Dodgers
Jacksonville, FL 1919-20
Yankees
Jacksonville, FL 1919-20
Senators
Tampa, FL 1920
Reds
Miami, FL 1920

From 1900-1920 it was the Dead Ball Era, a period in baseball that celebrated many of the pitches we consider illegal in modern baseball, such as the spitball or the shineball. Also, balls at that time would be played till the were basically worn out. Ball clubs would even have fans return foul balls to play that had been hit into the stands. When hit, those worn out balls would not rebound nicely off the bat and long hits were rare as the sport suffered a major drought of home runs. The lack of home runs earned that time in baseball history the name "Dead Ball Era". It was also the era when the Grapefruit League was born.

In 1919 rules changes prevented many of the pitches that contributed to the lack of home runs. Another new rule called for much more frequent replacement of the ball which allowed it "bounce" off the bat better. The ball was better too, as rag fillings were replaced by cork as a standard ball filling around that time. The Dead Ball Era was dead itself in 1919, but the Grapefruit League was just getting started.

If you wonder how the Grapefruit League got its name and not some other citrus fruit, WTSP in Sarotoga, Florida offers an explanation:

"I don't know that anybody really knows the true origins of the term Grapefruit League. In 1915, there was an interesting incident in Daytona Beach that may have given rise to the name," Kite-Powell (Rodney Kite-Powell, curator of history at the Tampa Bay History Center).said.

"There was an aviator named Ruth Law who was doing exhibition flying... she took a Dodgers player up in the plane with her. And the idea was for him to throw a baseball down to his manager on the field.

"I guess at some point he realized that might kill the guy. So instead of throwing a baseball, he threw a grapefruit. And the grapefruit hit the manager in the chest and exploded.

"The manager, for a few seconds, actually thought it was his chest that had exploded from the force of the baseball hitting him. And felt the juice, thought it was blood, screamed out, 'I'm dying! I'm dying!'

"His whole team thought it was great fun 'cause they knew he wasn't dying -- they knew he was just hit by a grapefruit."

Spring Training in Florida 1921-1942

With the fine weather and improved transportation, the late teens and early twenties saw red hot growth in Florida, both in new residents and real estate development as well as in winter tourism. Baseball was there to entertain the late winter visitor and the new locals.

During the 1930's the Florida Spring Training juggernaut continued. For many teams, arrival in Florida became an annual tradition during this period. Baseball had injected itself into the DNA of Central Florida. The tradition would continue up until the beginning of World War II. This video features more Spring Training footage. This time from the 1930's.

Here is a list of the teams who played in Florida between the World Wars:

Florida Spring Training 1921-1942

Athletics
Fort Myers, FL 1925-36

Browns
Tarpon Springs, FL 1925-27
West Palm Beach, FL 1928-36
De Land, FL 1942

Indians
Lakeland, FL 1923-27
Fort Myers, FL 1940-42

Red Sox
Bradenton, FL 1928-29
Pensacola, FL 1930-31
Sarasota, FL 1933-42

Senators
Tampa, FL 1920-29
Orlando, FL 1936-42

Tigers
Tampa, FL 1930
Lakeland, FL 1934-42

White Sox
Winter Haven, FL 1924

Yankees
Saint Petersburg, FL 1925-42

Braves
Saint Petersburg, FL 1922-37
Bradenton, FL 1938-40
Sanford, FL 1942

Cardinals
Bradenton, FL 1923-24
Avon Park, FL 1927-29
Bradenton, FL 1930-36
Daytona Beach, FL 1937
Saint Petersburg, FL 1938-42

Dodgers
Jacksonville, FL 1922
Clearwater, FL 1923-32
Miami, FL 1933
Orlando, FL 1934-35
Clearwater, FL 1936-40

Giants
Sarasota, FL 1924-27

During World War II fuel was being rationed. Many in the Baseball community, and its fans, considered it frivolous to travel around just to play a game. Healthy young men, like pro baseball players,would be far better to be fighting was a common thought. President Roosevelt disagreed however, and asked the owners of teams to keep the game going as a boost to morale and even encouraged them to schedule more night games so factory workers could have an then inexpensive evenings entertainment. So the game went on. Major League Baseball curtailed travel for training to areas very close to each teams home parks as a contribution to the wartime effort with some teams even practicing in local gymnasium basketball courts. During the war more than 500 major league players traded in their ball caps for battle helmets.Baseball was doing its part for America.

Baseball left Florida for the duration of the war. We will leave Florida for this week on that note as well. Join us in Three weeks as we return to our history of Spring Training in Florida and begin driving North on Interstate 95 to Jacksonville to check out the ball parks along the way. Before then, visit us next week when we return to more blues in Chicago on Route 66. In two weeks we have more San Diego to explore as we retrace the route of the pre-interstate Highway 101. I hope you can join us. Until then, keep your eye on the ball and don't stop working on your stance.